The Ultimate Guide to Petra, Jordan
Petra, often referred to as the “Lost City” or the “Rose-Red City,” is a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. Carved into vibrant red, pink, and orange sandstone cliffs, this ancient city was once the thriving capital of the Nabataean Kingdom and a major trading hub. Now, it stands as one of Jordan’s most famous archaeological sites and a must-visit destination for travelers worldwide.
In this ultimate guide to Petra, we’ll explore every aspect of this mesmerizing site—from iconic landmarks like the Treasury and Monastery to hidden treasures, animal rock carvings, and tips for making the most of your visit.
1. Introduction of The Ultimate Guide to Petra
Petra is located in the southwestern desert of Jordan, hidden among rugged mountains and narrow gorges. Built by the Nabataeans over 2,000 years ago, Petra was a crucial point for caravans traveling between Arabia, Egypt, and the Mediterranean. The city flourished until it was largely abandoned after a series of earthquakes in the 4th century AD. Rediscovered by Swiss explorer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt in 1812, Petra’s remarkable architecture and history have made it an iconic symbol of Jordan.
2. History of Petra
Founded around the 6th century BC, Petra became the capital of the Nabataean Kingdom due to its strategic location. The Nabataeans, skilled traders, used Petra as a central hub for commerce and an important stop for caravan routes. Petra’s prosperity continued under Roman rule after 106 AD. However, a series of natural disasters and the shifting of trade routes led to its decline. For centuries, Petra remained largely forgotten by the Western world, preserved by local Bedouins.
The intricate rock-cut architecture and advanced water management systems of Petra demonstrate the ingenuity of the Nabataeans. The blend of Hellenistic, Egyptian, and Mesopotamian influences in its structures reflects Petra’s multicultural nature as a city that welcomed traders from across the ancient world.
3. How to Get to Petra
- By Air: The nearest airport is King Hussein International Airport however Queen Alia International Airport in Amman offers more option for airline Tickets , QAIA is about 250 km (155 miles) from Petra. From the airport, you can take a bus, rent a car, or hire a taxi. those option may not be suitable for all in my personal opinion planning your trip with Local operator is much Better
- By Car: It’s a roughly 3-hour drive from Amman to Petra via the Desert Highway (Highway 15). The King’s Highway is another scenic route, though it takes longer.
- By Bus: JETT buses run daily from Amman to Petra. Private minibuses also operate between Aqaba and Petra.
4. Top Sites to Visit in Petra : The Ultimate Guide to Petra
4.1 The Treasury (Al-Khazneh)
One of Petra’s most iconic landmarks, the Treasury is the first major structure visitors encounter after exiting the Siq. This stunning 40-meter-high façade carved into the sandstone cliff was likely a royal tomb or temple. The Treasury’s intricate details and sheer scale make it a symbol of Petra’s grandeur.
4.2 The Siq
The Siq is a 1.2 km (0.75 mile) narrow gorge that serves as the main entrance to Petra. Flanked by towering cliffs, the Siq is a natural geological wonder, with its winding pathway offering glimpses of Petra’s magnificent architecture.
4.3 The Street of Facades
The Street of Facades is lined with tombs and houses cut into the cliffs. These structures have simpler designs compared to the Treasury, but they offer insight into the daily lives of the Nabataeans.
4.4 The Royal Tombs
A series of elaborate tombs, including the Urn Tomb, Silk Tomb, and Corinthian Tomb, make up the Royal Tombs. These are believed to be the resting places of Nabataean kings and feature ornate carvings.
4.5 The Theater
With seating for over 4,000 people, the theater in Petra is carved directly into the rock. It was originally built by the Nabataeans and later expanded by the Romans when Petra came under Roman rule.
4.6 The Monastery (Ad-Deir)
A challenging hike of around 800 steps leads to the Monastery, a massive structure similar in style to the Treasury but even larger. The Monastery is less crowded and offers stunning views of the surrounding desert.
4.7 Petra Church
Discovered relatively recently, the Byzantine Petra Church features beautifully preserved mosaic floors, showcasing intricate designs of animals, plants, and humans.
4.8 The Great Temple
The Great Temple complex, thought to have been a political or religious center, is one of the largest freestanding structures in Petra. Excavations have revealed much about Petra’s Nabataean culture.
4.9 The High Place of Sacrifice
Accessible via a steep climb, the High Place of Sacrifice offers panoramic views of Petra. This site was used for religious rituals and sacrifices, with altars cut into the rock.
4.10 Al-Habis Fortress
Perched on a hilltop, Al-Habis Fortress offers spectacular views of Petra’s landscape. The fortress dates back to the Crusader period and gives a glimpse into Petra’s later history.
5. Hidden Gems and Unique Rock Formations
5.1 The Lion Triclinium
This small rock-cut chamber features carvings of lions flanking its entrance. It is believed to have been a dining room for funeral feasts.
5.2 The Garden Tomb
The Garden Tomb is an intricately designed tomb hidden off the main path. It is surrounded by a peaceful area that may have been a Nabataean garden.
5.3 Colonnaded Street
This once-bustling avenue was lined with shops and important buildings. The remnants of columns on either side give an impression of its former grandeur.
5.4 Rock Animals (Elephant Rock and Camel Rock)
Throughout Petra, visitors will encounter naturally eroded rock formations resembling animals, the most famous being Elephant Rock and Camel Rock. These formations highlight the desert’s artistry and make for fun photo opportunities.
5.5 Djinn Blocks
The Djinn Blocks are mysterious, cube-like stone structures that predate many of Petra’s famous monuments. They are thought to be tomb markers or places for spiritual protection.
6. Petra by Night
For a magical experience, visit Petra by Night. The Treasury is illuminated by thousands of candles, and local Bedouin music echoes through the canyon. It’s an unforgettable way to experience Petra’s beauty in a serene, Keep in Mind that Petra by night show only avalibal on Monday , Wednesday and Thursday.( Ticket cost 24 USD Can be Bought directly from the visitor center).
7. Flora and Fauna of Petra
Petra’s desert environment is home to a surprising variety of plants and animals. Desert plants such as tamarisk, juniper, and acacia thrive in the region. The area is also home to rock hyrax, desert foxes, and Nubian ibexes, as well as birds like Tristram’s starling and the Sinai rosefinch. Keep an eye out for the diverse wildlife as you explore.
8. Best Time to Visit Petra
The best time to visit Petra is during the spring (March to May) and fall (September to November) when temperatures are pleasant for hiking. Summers can be scorching, while winters, though cooler, can bring occasional rain.
9. Practical Tips for Visiting Petra
9.1 Entrance Fees and Timings
- A single-day pass costs 50 Jordanian dinars (JD), while a multi-day pass costs 55-60 JD. ( Jordanpass is Highly recommended )
- Petra is open from 6:00 AM to sunset. Petra by Night runs on specific days, typically Monday, Wednesday, and Thursday.
9.2 What to Wear
- Wear comfortable walking shoes as you’ll be hiking a lot.
- Light, breathable clothing is ideal for daytime, but bring a jacket for cooler evenings.
9.3 Things to Carry
- Sunscreen, a hat, and plenty of water are essential due to the hot desert climate.
- A camera for capturing Petra’s incredible sights.
- Snacks for energy, though there are cafes near key sites.
9.4 Safety Tips
- Stay hydrated and pace yourself to avoid exhaustion.
- Be cautious on steep paths, particularly when climbing to the Monastery or the High Place of Sacrifice.
9.5 Hiring a Local Guide
For a deeper understanding of Petra’s history and hidden gems, consider hiring a local Bedouin guide the Local Guide cost around 70 USD for half day.
10. Conclusion: Petra – A Timeless Wonder
Petra is more than just an ancient city—it’s a journey through time, a testament to human ingenuity, and a showcase of natural beauty. From the awe-inspiring Treasury and the hidden gems like the Lion Triclinium to the magnificent desert landscapes and rich history, every corner of Petra tells a story. Whether you’re fascinated by archaeology, captivated by natural wonders, or simply seeking an unforgettable adventure, Petra offers something for every traveler.
Exploring Petra is a once-in-a-lifetime experience that leaves visitors with a deep appreciation for the Nabataean civilization and the enduring beauty of Jordan’s cultural heritage. As you walk through its ancient paths, surrounded by monumental cliffs and intricate rock-carved architecture, you’ll understand why Petra has captivated the world for centuries.
This The Ultimate Guide to Petra guide aims to provide all the details you need to plan the perfect visit and ensure you make the most of your time in this enchanting city.
Wrote and edited by Khalid Alnobani
( Local Travel Consulter / Jordan )